مباشره السفيه و ذي الغفله لعقد النكاح
السفه لغه هو الخفه والطيش
؛ ومعناه عند اصطلاح الفقهاء
: خفه تعترى الانسان لتحمله على العمل بخلاف موجب الشرع والعقل مع قيام العقل ؛ وقد غلب في عرف الفقهاء على تبذير المال واتلافه على خلاف مقتضى العقل والشرع ؛
وهناك فرق بين السفه والعته ؛ فالمعتوه يشابه المجنون في بعض أقواله وافعاله وذلك بخلاف السفيه ؛
وهو لا ينافى الاهليه ولا شيئا من الاحكام ؛ وهو موجب للحجر عند جمهور الفقهاء ؛
ودليل ذلك من القران
: قال تعالى : ( ولا تؤتوا السفهاء اموالكم ) سوره النساء ؛ وقوله تعالى : ( فان كان الذى عليه الحق سفيها او ضعيفا او لا يستطيع ان يمل هو فليملل وليه ……) سوره البقره الايه 281
والمعنى في هذا صيانه لحقهم
وحفظا لمالهم
و ابعادا للضرر
؛ خلافا لابى حنيفه لم يجز الحجر على السفيه اذا انس رشدا
والرأي المختار
وهو وجوب الحجر على السفيه ؛
اذ معقول الامام وقع في مقابله النص ؛
ثم ان ترك السفيه يمشى يتخبط في ماله على راسه فهو اهدار ادميته والحاقه بالبهائم .
ثم ان اطلاق يده في ماله يؤدى الى تطويقه بغل الفقر ؛ فيكون وبالا على العباد والبلاد ومصدر ازعاج وافساد؛
فلزم الحجر عليه دفعا للضرر العام ؛ ويثبت الحجر ويزول بحكم القاضي عند جمهور الفقهاء ؛ خلافا لمحمد بن الحسن الذى يرى ان سببه ؛ السفه نفسه فيثبت بثبوته وينتفى بنفيه ؛ والمختار هو الأول لان التحقق من وجود السفه او عدمه يحتاج الى اجتهاد ولا يقدر على هذا دون تهمه الى القاضي ؛ وقبل الحجر تسرى عليه احكام الرشيد ؛ وبالتالي يصح نكاحه ويلزم ؛ وبعده تسرى عليه احكام الصبى المميز ؛ فيتوقف زواجه على موافقه وليه عند جمهور الفقهاء ؛ وهو الأرجح لقصور نظر السفيه وكثره تخبطه .
وذو الغفلة
وهو الذى لا يهتدى الى التصرفات بسبب بساطته
؛ وسلامه قلبه ؛ فيؤدى ذلك الى غبنه في المعاملات فيسرى عليه ما سرى على السفيه .
جزاك الله كل خير اخي الكريم
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